Why Dogs Wag their Tails

_Visayan_

A rich man in a certain town once owned a dog  and a cat, both of

which were very useful to him. The dog had served his master for many

years and had become so old that he had lost his teeth and was unable

to fight any more, but he was a good guide and companion to the cat

who was strong and cunning.

The master had a daughter who was attending school at a convent some

distance from home, and very often he sent the dog and the cat with

presents to the girl.

One day he called the faithful animals and bade them carry a magic

ring to his daughter.

"You are strong and brave," he said to the cat "You may carry the ring,

but you must be careful not to drop it"

And to the dog he said: "You must accompany the cat to guide her and

keep her from harm."

They promised to do their best, and started out. All went well until

they came to a river. As there was neither bridge nor boat, there

was no way to cross but to swim.

"Let me take the magic ring," said the dog as they were about to

plunge into the water.

"Oh, no," replied the cat, "the master gave it to me to carry."

"But you cannot swim well," argued the dog. "I am strong and can take

good care of it."

But the cat refused to give up the ring until finally the dog

threatened to kill her, and then she reluctantly gave it to him.

The river was wide and the water so swift that they grew very tired,

and just before they reached the opposite bank the dog dropped

the ring. They searched carefully, but could not find it anywhere,

and after a while they turned back to tell their master of the sad

loss. Just before reaching the house, however, the dog was so overcome

with fear that he turned and ran away and never was seen again.

The cat went on alone, and when the master saw her coming he called

out to know why she had returned so soon and what had become of her

companion. The poor cat was frightened, but as well as she could she

explained how the ring had been lost and how the dog had run away.

On hearing her story the master was very angry, and commanded that all

his people should search for the dog, and that it should be punished

by having its tail cut off.

He also ordered that all the dogs in the world should join in the

search, and ever since when one dog meets another he says: "Are you

the old dog that lost the magic ring? If so, your tail must be cut

off." Then immediately each shows his teeth and wags his tail to

prove that he is not the guilty one.

Since then, too, cats have been afraid of water and will not swim

across a river if they can avoid it.

The First Monkey

_Visayan_

Many years ago at the foot of a forest-covered hill was a small town,

and just above the town on the hillside was a little house in which

lived an old woman and her grandson.

The old woman, who was very industrious, earned their living by

removing the seeds from cotton, and she always had near at hand

a basket in which were cotton and a long stick that she used for

a spindle. The boy was lazy and would not do anything to help his

grandmother, but every day went down to the town and gambled.

One day, when he had been losing money, the boy went home and was

cross because his supper was not ready.

"I am hurrying to get the seeds out of this cotton," said the

grandmother, "and as soon as I sell it, I will buy us some food."

At this the boy fell into a rage, and he picked up some cocoanut

shells and threw them at his grandmother. Then she became angry and

began to whip him with her spindle, when suddenly he was changed into

an ugly animal, and the cotton became hair which covered his body,

while the stick itself became his tail.

As soon as the boy found that he had become an ugly creature he ran

down into the town and began whipping his companions, the gamblers,

with his tail, and immediately they were turned into animals like

himself.

Then the people would no longer have them in the town, but drove

them out. They went to the forest where they lived in the trees,

and ever since they have been known as monkeys.

The Alligator's Fruit

_Tinguian_

Two women went to gather some wild fruit from a vine which belonged

to the alligator.

"You must be careful not to throw the rind with your teeth marks

on it where the alligator can see it," said one of the women to the

other as they sat eating the fruit.

But the other woman paid no attention and threw the rind showing

teeth marks into the river, where the alligator saw it.

Thus he knew at once who had taken his fruit, and he was very angry. He

went to the house of the woman and called to the people:

"Bring out the woman that I may eat her, for she has eaten my fruit"

"Very well," answered the people. "But sit down and wait a little

while."

Then they put the iron soil-turner into the fire, and when it was

red hot, they took it to the door and said to the alligator:

"Here, eat this first."

He opened his mouth, and they pushed the red hot iron down his throat,

and he died.

The Story of Dumalawi

_Tinguian_

Aponitolau and Aponibolinayen had a son whose name was Dumalawi. [47]

When the son had become a young man, his father one day was very

angry with him, and tried to think of some way in which to destroy

him. The next morning he said to Dumalawi:

"Son, sharpen your knife, and we will go to the forest to cut some

bamboo."

So Dumalawi sharpened his knife and went with his father to the place

where the bamboo grew, and they cut many sticks and sharpened them

like spears at the end.

Dumalawi wondered why they made them thus, but when they had finished,

Aponitolau said:

"Now, Son, you throw them at me, so that we can see which is the

braver."

"No, Father," answered Dumalawi. "You throw first, if you want to

kill me."

So Aponitolau threw the bamboo sticks one by one at his son, but he

could not hit him. Then it was the son's turn to throw, but he said:

"No, I cannot. You are my father, and I do not want to kill you."

So they went home. But Dumalawi was very sorrowful, for he knew now

that his father wanted to destroy him. When his mother called him to

dinner he could not eat.

Although he had been unsuccessful in his first attempt, Aponitolau

did not give up the idea of getting rid of his son, and the next day

he said:

"Come, Dumalawi, we will go to our little house in the field [48]

and repair it, so that it will be a protection when the rainy season

sets in."

The father and son went together to the field, and when they reached

the little house, Aponitolau, pointing to a certain spot in the

ground, said:

"Dig there, and you will find a jar of basi [49] which I buried when

I was a boy. It will be very good to drink now."

Dumalawi dug up the jar and they tasted the wine, and it was

so pleasing to them that they drank three cocoanut shells full,

and Dumalawi became drunk. While his son lay asleep on the ground,

Aponitolau decided that this was a good time to destroy him, so he

used his magical power and there arose a great storm which picked up

Dumalawi in his sleep and carried him far away. And the father went

home alone.

Now when Dumalawi awoke, he was in the middle of a field so wide that

whichever way he looked, he could not see the end. There were neither

trees nor houses in the field and no living thing except himself. And

he felt a great loneliness.

By and by he used his magical power, and many betel-nuts grew in the

field, and when they bore fruit it was covered with gold,

"This is good," said Dumalawi, "for I will scatter these betel-nuts

and they shall become people, [50] who will be my neighbors."

So in the middle of the night he cut the gold-covered betel-nuts into

many small pieces which he scattered in all directions. And in the

early morning, when he awoke, he heard many people talking around

the house, and many roosters crowed. Then Dumalawi knew that he

had companions, and upon going out he walked about where the people

were warming themselves [51] by fires in their yards, and he visited

them all.

In one yard was a beautiful maiden, Dapilisan, and after Dumalawi

had talked with her and her parents, he went on to the other yards,

but she was ever in his thoughts. As soon as he had visited all the

people, he returned to the house of Dapilisan and asked her parents if

he might marry her. They were unwilling at first, for they feared that

the parents of Dumalawi might not like it; but after he had explained

that his father and mother did not want him, they gave their consent,

and Dapilisan became his bride.

Soon after the marriage they decided to perform a ceremony [52] for

the spirits. So Dapilisan sent for the betel-nuts which were covered

with gold, [53] and when they were brought to her, she said:

"You betel-nuts that are covered with gold, come here and oil

yourselves and go and invite all the people in the world to come to

our ceremony."

So the betel-nuts oiled themselves and went to invite the people in

the different towns.

Soon after this Aponibolinayen, the mother of Dumalawi, sat alone in

her house, still mourning the loss of her son, when suddenly she was

seized with a desire to chew betel-nut.

"What ails me?" she said to herself; "why do I want to chew? I had

not intended to eat anything while Dumalawi was away."

So saying, she took down her basket that hung on the wall, and saw in

it a betel-nut covered with gold, and when she was about to cut it,

it said:

"Do not cut me, for I have come to invite you to the ceremony which

Dumalawi and his wife are to make."

Aponibolinayen was very happy, for she knew now that her son still

lived, and she told all the people to wash their hair and prepare

to go to the rite. So they washed their clothes and their hair and

started for the home of Dumalawi; and Aponitolau, the father of the

boy, followed, but he looked like a crazy man. When the people reached

the river near the town, Dumalawi sent alligators to take them across,

but when Aponitolau got on the alligator's back it dived, and he was

thrown back upon the bank of the river. All the others were carried

safely over, and Aponitolau, who was left on the bank alone, shouted

as if crazy until Dumalawi sent another alligator to carry him across.

Then Dumalawi had food brought [54] and Dapilisan passed basi in

a little jar that looked like a fist, [55] and though each guest

drank a cupful of the sweet wine the little jar was still a third

full. After they had eaten and drunk, Aponibolinayen spoke, and,

telling all the people that she was glad to have Dapilisan for a

daughter-in-law, added:

"Now we are going to pay the marriage price [56] according to our

custom. We shall fill the spirit house [57] nine times with different

kinds of jars."

Then she called, "You spirits [58] who live in different springs, get

the jars which Dumalawi must pay as a marriage price for Dapilisan,"

The spirits did as they were commanded, and when they brought the

jars and had filled the spirit house nine times, Aponibolinayen said

to the parents of Dapilisan:

"I think that now we have paid the price for your daughter."

But Dalonagan, the mother of Dapilisan, was not satisfied, and said:

"No, there is still more to pay."

"Very well," replied Aponibolinayen. "Tell us what it is and we will

pay it."

Then Dalonagan called a pet spider and said:

"You big spider, go all around the town, and as you go spin a thread

[59] on which Aponibolinayen must string golden beads." So the spider

spun the thread and Aponibolinayen again called to the spirits of

the springs, and they brought golden beads which they strung on the

thread. Then Dalonagan hung on the thread, and when it did not break

she declared that the debt was all paid.

After this the people feasted and made merry, and when at last they

departed for home Dumalawi refused to go with his parents, but remained

with his wife in the town he had created.

The Adventures of Juan

Juan was lazy, Juan was a fool, and his mother never tired of scolding

him and emphasizing her words by a beating. When Juan went to school

he made more noise at his study than anybody else, but his reading

was only gibberish.

His mother sent him to town to buy meat to eat with the boiled rice,

and he bought a live crab which he set down in the road and told to

go to his mother and be cooked for dinner. The crab promised, but as

soon as Juan's back was turned ran in the other direction.

Juan went home after a while and asked for the crab, but there was

none, and they ate their rice without ulam. [12] His mother then

went herself and left Juan to care for the baby. The baby cried and

Juan examined it to find the cause, and found the soft spot on its

head. "Aha! It has a boil. No wonder it cries!" And he stuck a knife

into the soft spot, and the baby stopped crying. When his mother came

back, Juan told her about the boil and that the baby was now asleep,

but the mother said it was dead, and she beat Juan again.

Then she told Juan that if he could do nothing else he could at least

cut firewood, so she gave him a bolo and sent him to the woods.

He found what looked to him like a good tree and prepared to cut it,

but the tree was a magic tree and said to Juan, "Do not cut me and I

will give you a goat that shakes silver money from its whiskers." Juan

agreed, and the bark of the tree opened and the goat came out, and

when Juan told him to shake his whiskers, money dropped out. Juan was

very glad, for at last he had something he would not be beaten for. On

his way home he met a friend, and told him of his good fortune. The

man made him dead drunk and substituted another goat which had not

the ability to shake money from its whiskers, and when the new goat

was tried at home poor Juan was beaten and scolded.

Back he went to the tree, which he threatened to cut down for lying

to him, but the tree said, "No, do not kill me and I will give you

a magic net which you may cast even on dry ground or into a tree-top

and it will return full of fish," and the tree did even so.

Again he met the friend, again he drank tuba [13] until he was dead

drunk, and again a worthless thing was substituted, and on reaching

home he was beaten and scolded.

Once more Juan went to the magic tree, and this time he received a

magic pot, always full of rice; and spoons always full of whatever

ulam might be wished, and these went the way of the other gifts,

to the false friend.

The fourth time he asked of the tree he was given a magic stick

that would without hands beat and kill anything that the owner

wished. "Only say to it 'Boombye, boomba,' and it will obey your word,"

said the tree.

When Juan met the false friend again, the false friend asked him what

gift he had this time. "It is only a stick that if I say, 'Boombye,

boomba,' will beat you to death," said Juan, and with that the stick

leaped from his hand and began to belabor the wicked man. "Lintic na

cahoy ito ay! [14] Stop it and I will give you everything I stole from

you." Juan ordered the stick to stop, but made the man, bruised and

sore, carry the net, the pot, and the spoons, and lead the goat to

Juan's home. There the goat shook silver from his beard till Juan's

three brothers and his mother had all they could carry, and they dined

from the pot and the magic spoons until they were full to their mouths.

"Now," said Juan, "you have beaten me and called me a fool all my life,

but you are not ashamed to take good things when I get them. I will

show you something else. Boombye, boomba!" and the stick began to

beat them all. Quickly they agreed that Juan was head of the house,

and he ordered the beating to stop.

Juan now became rich and respected, but he never trusted himself

far from his stick day or night. One night a hundred robbers came

to break into the house, to take all his goods, and kill him, but

he said to the stick, "Boombye, boomba!" and with the swiftness of

lightning the stick flew around, and all those struck fell dead till

there was not one left. Juan was never troubled again by robbers,

and in the end married a princess and lived happily ever after.

The Aderna Bird (Ang Ibong Adarna)

There was once a king who greatly desired to obtain an aderna bird,

which is possessed of magical powers, has a wonderful song, and talks

like men. This king had a beautiful daughter, and he promised her to

any one who would bring him an aderna bird. Now the quest for the

aderna bird is very dangerous, because, if the heart is not pure,

the man who touches the bird becomes stone, and the bird escapes.

There were in that country three brothers, Juan, Diego, and Pedro,

and they all agreed to set out together to catch the aderna bird. Afar

in the mountains they saw him, and Diego, being the eldest, had first

chance, and he caught the aderna bird, but being of impure life he

became a stone, and the bird flew away over the mountains.

Juan and Pedro pursued it over the rocky way till at last they saw

it again, and Pedro, being the next eldest, essayed to catch it. He,

too, being a bad man, was turned into stone and the aderna bird flew

over another mountain, and Juan, undaunted, followed alone.

When at last he saw the aderna bird he made a trap with a mirror with

a snare in front and soon caught the bird. He made a cage for it and

started on his homeward journey. When he reached the stone which was

his brother Pedro, he begged the bird to undo its work and make him

a man again, and the bird did so. Then the two went on to where Diego

was, and again Juan entreated the bird to set the other brother free,

and the bird did so.

But Pedro and Diego, far from being grateful for what Juan had done

for them, bound him, choked him, beat him, and left him for dead far

from any road or any habitation, and went on their way to the king

with the aderna bird, expecting for one the hand of the princess and

for the other a rich reward.

But the aderna bird would not sing. Said the king, "O Aderna Bird,

why do you not sing?" The bird replied, "O Mighty King, I sing only

for him who caught me." "Did these men catch you?" "No, O King, Juan

caught me, and these men have beaten him and stolen me from him." So

the king had them punished, and waited for the coming of Juan.

Juan meanwhile had freed himself from his bonds, and wandered sore

and hungry and lame through the forest. At last he met an old man

who said to him, "Juan, why do you not go to the king's house, for

there they want you very much?" "Alas," said Juan, "I am not able

to walk so far from weakness, and I fear I shall die here in the

forest." "Do not fear," said the old man, "I have here a wonderful

hat that, should you but whisper to it where you wish to go, in a

moment you are transported there through the air."

So the old man gave him the hat, and Juan put it on and said, "Hat,

if this be thy nature, carry me across the mountains to the king's

palace." And the hat carried him immediately into the presence of

the king. Then the aderna bird began to sing, and after a time Juan

married the princess, and all went well for the rest of their lives.

How Jackyo Became Rich

A long time ago there was a young man whose name was Jackyo. He was

very poor, and by his daily labor could earn barely enough for his

food and nothing at all for his clothes. He had a little farm at some

distance from the village in which he lived, and on it raised a few

poor crops.

One pleasant afternoon Jackyo started off to visit his farm. It was

late when he reached it, and after he had finished inspecting his

crops, he turned back homewards. But the bright day had gone and the

sun had set. Night came on quickly, and the way was dark and lonely.

At last he could no longer see the road. Not a star was to be seen,

and the only sounds he heard were the sad twitterings of the birds

and soft rustling of the leaves as they were moved by the wind.

At last he entered a thick forest where the trees were very big. "What

if I should meet some wild beast," thought Jackyo; but he added half

aloud, "I must learn to be brave and face every danger."

It was not long before he was very sure that he could hear a deep

roar. His heart beat fast, but he walked steadily forward, and soon

the roar was repeated, this time nearer and more distinctly, and he

saw in the dim light a great wild ox coming towards him.

He found a large hole in the trunk of a huge tree. "I will pass the

night here in this tree," he said to himself.

In a little while an old man appeared. His body was covered with coarse

hair and he was very ugly. He looked fiercely at Jackyo from head to

foot and said: "What are you thinking of to come in here? Do you not

know that this is the royal castle of the king of evil spirits?"

Jackyo became more frightened than before and for a long time he

could not speak, but at last he stammered: "Excuse me, sir, but I

cannot go home on account of the dark night. I pray you to let me

rest here for a short time."

"I cannot let you stay here, because our king is not willing to help

any one who does not belong to his kingdom. If he did so, his kingdom

would be lost. But what is your name? Do you know how to sing?" said

the old man.

"My name is Jackyo, and I know a little bit about singing," replied

Jackyo.

"Well," said the old man, "if you know any song, sing for me." Now

Jackyo knew but one song, and that was about the names of the days of

the week except Sunday. He did not like to sing it, but the old man

urged him, saying: "If you do not sing, I will cut your head off." So

Jackyo began to sing.

It happened that the king [5] of the evil spirits, whose name was

Mensaya, heard Jackyo's song and was very much interested in it. He

called a servant, named Macquil, and said: "Macquil, go downstairs and

see who is singing down there, and when you find him, bring him to me."

Jackyo went before the king, bowed to the floor, touching the carpet

with his forehead, and stood humbly before the king.

"Let me hear your song," said the king. So Jackyo, with great respect,

sang the only song he knew. Here it is:

    Mon-day, Tues-day, Wednesday, Thurs-day, Fri-day, Sat-ur-day.

While he was singing, all the evil spirits in the cave gathered around

him to hear his song, and Mensaya asked him to sing it over and over

again. They were all so pleased with it that Mensaya ordered Macquil

to give Jackyo a large quantity of gold and silver as a reward for

his beautiful song.

When the morning came Jackyo returned home, full of joy, and became

known as the richest man in the village.